![]() Arguments that invertebrates are not able to experience suffering or pain are based on (1) the occasionally noted absence of behavioural responses in conditions that it would be expected great responsiveness from vertebrates (2) a lack of central nervous system complexity. ![]() Some scientific evidence exists that also invertebrates can experience pain and distress, directly or by analogy with animals in the same taxonomic group (EFSA, 2005a, 2005b). EFSA ( 2005a) while accepting that some bees and ants might be as complex as much larger animals and might have some level of awareness, recognized that evidence of a pain system was not available. A good death is tantamount to the humane termination of an animal’s life (AVMA, 2020). Distress is the effect of stimuli that initiate adaptive responses that are not beneficial to the animal and interfere with its welfare and comfort. Pain is primarily a subjective experience of discomfort, despair, and other negative affective states (Allen et al., 2005). The term is commonly used to describe ending the life of an individual animal in a way that minimizes or eliminates pain and distress. Available options for honey bee euthanasia applicable at the apiary level are presented taking into consideration its implications for honey bee welfare, the protection of operators, and the environment.Įuthanasia is derived from the Greek terms eu meaning good and thanatos meaning death. The most severe measure is depopulation consisting of the rapid destruction of a population of animals in response to urgent circumstances, with maximum practicable consideration given to the welfare of the animals. In the case of certain infectious or parasitic honey bee diseases such as American foulbrood or undesired hybrids like Africanized honey bees, enforcement of restrictive measures is based on existing veterinary regulations and contingency plans at national and international levels. ![]() Various euthanasia methods have been recommended for invertebrates, but most have not been properly studied under laboratory conditions with few best practices and guidance available. When euthanasia is the option, the animal handling and euthanasia technique adopted should minimize distress experienced by the animal prior to the loss of consciousness, ultimately ending in a loss of brain function. When animals are affected by a disease that produces insurmountable suffering or can affect other animal and human individuals or populations, or when animals are no longer fit for their purpose, it can be argued that continuing to live is worse for the animal than death, or is not compatible with animal-related issues in public health. ![]() The term is used to describe ending the life of an individual animal in a way that minimizes or eliminates pain and distress. Euthanasia derives from the Greek terms eu meaning good and thanatos meaning death. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |